1 June 07, 2021
Articles
1. Iliyasu A.A Ibrahim, Muhammad Chindo, Faisal Al-Amin, Halilu Ibrahim Idris
Toxicological Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Bitter (Vernonia Amygdalina) on Liver Enzymes of Albino Rats
Russian Journal of Biological Research. 2021. 8(1): 3-6.
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2. Yohanna Longdet Ishaya, Matawal Mary Mankilik, Obed Faven Rimzhi, Edward David IdokoRussian Journal of Biological Research. 2021. 8(1): 3-6.
Abstract:
The research was conducted to ascertain the hepatotoxic potentials of the leaves extract of Vernonia amygdalina on liver enzymes of apparently healthy albino rats. A total of sixteen (16) albino rats were clustered into four (4) groups of four (4) rats each designated as group A-D, Group A served as control while groups B, C and D were treated with 200mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg aqueous leaves of extract of Vernonia amygdalina respectively for a period of two weeks. The liver enzymes were determined using spectrophotometric method. The results revealed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the activity of serum ALP of the rats treated with 400 mg/kg body weight of Vernonia amygdalina extract when compared with control rats. In conclusion, acute oral administration of aqeous extract of Vernonia amygdalina was found to be relatively safe at a low dosage. However, the extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg brought about alterations in the serum ALP activity.
The research was conducted to ascertain the hepatotoxic potentials of the leaves extract of Vernonia amygdalina on liver enzymes of apparently healthy albino rats. A total of sixteen (16) albino rats were clustered into four (4) groups of four (4) rats each designated as group A-D, Group A served as control while groups B, C and D were treated with 200mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg aqueous leaves of extract of Vernonia amygdalina respectively for a period of two weeks. The liver enzymes were determined using spectrophotometric method. The results revealed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the activity of serum ALP of the rats treated with 400 mg/kg body weight of Vernonia amygdalina extract when compared with control rats. In conclusion, acute oral administration of aqeous extract of Vernonia amygdalina was found to be relatively safe at a low dosage. However, the extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg brought about alterations in the serum ALP activity.
Number of views: 251 Download in PDF
Anti-Malarial Activity of the Ethanolic Extract of Vernonia Amygdalina (Bitter Leave) on PCV and Parasiteamia of Experimental Mice
Russian Journal of Biological Research. 2021. 8(1): 7-15.
Number of views: 251 Download in PDF
3. Meryem Kök, Ömer Kiliç, Şınası YıldırımlıRussian Journal of Biological Research. 2021. 8(1): 7-15.
Abstract:
Malaria is one of the most important infectious diseases in the tropics and sub-tropics. The search for antimalarial compounds has been necessitated by P. falciparum resistance to almost all antimalarial drugs. In this study, the in vivo antimalarial activities of ethanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, a plant used by traditional healers to treat malaria and other diseases was carried out. Twenty-one (21) Albino mice were randomly divided into seven groups of three mice each (n = 3). Group 1, 2, and 3 were the experimental group, while group 4, 5, 6, and 7 were treated/untreated, normal, uninfected/treated and standard respectively. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were treated with dose of 200 mg/kg. bwt, 300 mg/kg. bwt and 400 mg/kg. bwt respectively. The average daily parasitaemia level of the Plasmodium berghei infected mice treated with 300 mg/kg. bwt of the ethanolic leaf extract of Vernonia amgdalinaextract and 25 mg/kg. bwt of chloroquine significantly (P < 0.05) reduce when compared with negative control group. However, there is no significant (P > 0.05) different in the level of parasitaemia in 200 mg/kg. bwt and 400 mg/kg. bwt at the varying concentractions of the ethanolic extract’s dosage, Therefore, this shows that Vernonia amygdalinahas both curative and suppressive activities since at lower concentrations, the parasite was seen to reduce from the initial load before administration and at higher concentrations, the parasite was seen to reduce to the lowest level indicating that if treatment period is extended concentration is administered, the parasite will be cleared completely, thus, the curative activities of the Vernonia amygdalinaleaf extract.
Malaria is one of the most important infectious diseases in the tropics and sub-tropics. The search for antimalarial compounds has been necessitated by P. falciparum resistance to almost all antimalarial drugs. In this study, the in vivo antimalarial activities of ethanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, a plant used by traditional healers to treat malaria and other diseases was carried out. Twenty-one (21) Albino mice were randomly divided into seven groups of three mice each (n = 3). Group 1, 2, and 3 were the experimental group, while group 4, 5, 6, and 7 were treated/untreated, normal, uninfected/treated and standard respectively. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were treated with dose of 200 mg/kg. bwt, 300 mg/kg. bwt and 400 mg/kg. bwt respectively. The average daily parasitaemia level of the Plasmodium berghei infected mice treated with 300 mg/kg. bwt of the ethanolic leaf extract of Vernonia amgdalinaextract and 25 mg/kg. bwt of chloroquine significantly (P < 0.05) reduce when compared with negative control group. However, there is no significant (P > 0.05) different in the level of parasitaemia in 200 mg/kg. bwt and 400 mg/kg. bwt at the varying concentractions of the ethanolic extract’s dosage, Therefore, this shows that Vernonia amygdalinahas both curative and suppressive activities since at lower concentrations, the parasite was seen to reduce from the initial load before administration and at higher concentrations, the parasite was seen to reduce to the lowest level indicating that if treatment period is extended concentration is administered, the parasite will be cleared completely, thus, the curative activities of the Vernonia amygdalinaleaf extract.
Number of views: 251 Download in PDF
Some Diuretic Plants in Traditional Medicine of Turkey (A Review)
Russian Journal of Biological Research. 2021. 8(1): 16-26.
Number of views: 251 Download in PDF
4. Mary Matawal Mankilik, Ishaya Yohanna Longdet, Carrol Domkat LukaRussian Journal of Biological Research. 2021. 8(1): 16-26.
Abstract:
Ethnobotanic is a branch of botanic science that examines human-plant relationships, and it is one of the sciences that deals with the purposes of which people use plants and has attracted more attention in recent years. Recording of ethnobotanical information; it is important that this information is not lost in time, such as those concerned, relevant disciplines and national economy and cultural wealth. This work is a small review research some plants used as diuretic in Turkey. Besides sentetic diuretic drug used in Turkey, herbal methods still remain to be used. Because of some side effects of drugs, herbal medicines used commonly in Turkey and in the world. The fact that 75 % of natural compounds of herbal origin used in the treatment were discovered as a result of researching traditional folk remedies. For this reason traditional medicine apllications, researches and issues remains up-to-date as always. In this study, some plants (186 taxa) which were used as diuretic in traditional medicine of Turkey to contribute related studies. The main families according to the number of taxa are as follows; Asteraceae 21 taxa, Fabaceae 19 taxa, Rosaceae 18 taxa, Lamiaceae 13 taxa and others. In addition 42 plant taxa were detected from Çelikhan (Adıyaman-Turkey) provinces which have potential diuretic property.
Ethnobotanic is a branch of botanic science that examines human-plant relationships, and it is one of the sciences that deals with the purposes of which people use plants and has attracted more attention in recent years. Recording of ethnobotanical information; it is important that this information is not lost in time, such as those concerned, relevant disciplines and national economy and cultural wealth. This work is a small review research some plants used as diuretic in Turkey. Besides sentetic diuretic drug used in Turkey, herbal methods still remain to be used. Because of some side effects of drugs, herbal medicines used commonly in Turkey and in the world. The fact that 75 % of natural compounds of herbal origin used in the treatment were discovered as a result of researching traditional folk remedies. For this reason traditional medicine apllications, researches and issues remains up-to-date as always. In this study, some plants (186 taxa) which were used as diuretic in traditional medicine of Turkey to contribute related studies. The main families according to the number of taxa are as follows; Asteraceae 21 taxa, Fabaceae 19 taxa, Rosaceae 18 taxa, Lamiaceae 13 taxa and others. In addition 42 plant taxa were detected from Çelikhan (Adıyaman-Turkey) provinces which have potential diuretic property.
Number of views: 251 Download in PDF
Antiplasmodial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Achyranthes aspera Shoot against Plasmodium berghei Infection in Albino Mice
Russian Journal of Biological Research. 2021. 8(1): 27-35.
Number of views: 244 Download in PDF
5. Ibukun Olukorede Popoola, Oluwabukola Rashidat Popoola, Ibikunle Funso Olaleru, Ibukun Oluwatobi Busari, Femi Joshua Oluwadelea, Oluwatobi Matthew Ojeniyi, Queenesther Tolu AlegbejoRussian Journal of Biological Research. 2021. 8(1): 27-35.
Abstract:
Malaria remains one of the diseases that lack satisfactory treatment worldwide and continued to pose serious challenges with rapid spread of resistant parasite. Achyranthes aspera leaf, stem, and root extracts were found to exhibit antiplasmodial activities. The shoot has little or not been investigated despite its vital chemicals. Based on this, the study attempted to investigate antiplasmodial activity of methanol extract Achyranthes aspera shoot against Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. Achyranthes aspera shoot was sliced, air-dried, then pulverized into powdered form then extracted with methanol, filtered and concentrated with rotary evaporator at 40oC. The crude extract obtained was subjected to phytochemical analysis followed by acute toxicity study. Antiplasmodial effect of the extract was investigated in Swiss albino mice infected with 1x107 Plasmodium berghei (NK-65) strain intrperitonealy. Eight groups of 5 mice were used; group 1: normal control, group 2: infected mice and untreated, group 3&4: infected mice + standard drugs, group 5-7: infected mice + extracts (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg body wt.), group 8: infected mice + vehicle. During the experiment, parasitemia levels and PCV were monitored. Body weight and temperature were also measured. The study found that the plant shoot contains vital phytochemicals (alkaloids, saponins, phenols and flavonoids) and is safe with LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight of extract of mice. Treating Plasmodium berghei infected mice with methanol extract of the plant shoot displayed remarkable effect as evidenced by the reduction in their parasitemia levels and increase survival rate in a manner comparable to chloroquine and artemisinin. The methanol extract of A. aspera is safe, possess vital phytochemicals and exhibited antiplasmodial activity in mice. As it is a good antimalarial candidate, further research should characterize the active component(s) and their mode of action.
Malaria remains one of the diseases that lack satisfactory treatment worldwide and continued to pose serious challenges with rapid spread of resistant parasite. Achyranthes aspera leaf, stem, and root extracts were found to exhibit antiplasmodial activities. The shoot has little or not been investigated despite its vital chemicals. Based on this, the study attempted to investigate antiplasmodial activity of methanol extract Achyranthes aspera shoot against Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. Achyranthes aspera shoot was sliced, air-dried, then pulverized into powdered form then extracted with methanol, filtered and concentrated with rotary evaporator at 40oC. The crude extract obtained was subjected to phytochemical analysis followed by acute toxicity study. Antiplasmodial effect of the extract was investigated in Swiss albino mice infected with 1x107 Plasmodium berghei (NK-65) strain intrperitonealy. Eight groups of 5 mice were used; group 1: normal control, group 2: infected mice and untreated, group 3&4: infected mice + standard drugs, group 5-7: infected mice + extracts (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg body wt.), group 8: infected mice + vehicle. During the experiment, parasitemia levels and PCV were monitored. Body weight and temperature were also measured. The study found that the plant shoot contains vital phytochemicals (alkaloids, saponins, phenols and flavonoids) and is safe with LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight of extract of mice. Treating Plasmodium berghei infected mice with methanol extract of the plant shoot displayed remarkable effect as evidenced by the reduction in their parasitemia levels and increase survival rate in a manner comparable to chloroquine and artemisinin. The methanol extract of A. aspera is safe, possess vital phytochemicals and exhibited antiplasmodial activity in mice. As it is a good antimalarial candidate, further research should characterize the active component(s) and their mode of action.
Number of views: 244 Download in PDF
Resultant Effect of Early Endogenous Thermal Acclimatization on Performance of Heat-Stressed Broiler Finishers on Different Levels of Dietary Protein
Russian Journal of Biological Research. 2021. 8(1): 36-47.
Number of views: 252 Download in PDF
6. Russian Journal of Biological Research. 2021. 8(1): 36-47.
Abstract:
The guarantee of a naturally stable thermal environment that will keep poultry birds within the zone of maximum comfort all year round in tropical and sub-tropical regions in the 21st century cannot be established. Therefore, it becomes necessary to look into stabilizing internal environment of vulnerable chicks, with the sole aim of re-exhibiting their masked potentials for fast growth and high yield. Crude protein (CP), though essential for growth and repair, dissipates more heat load than other nutrients during metabolism. Hence, it becomes imperative to investigate the effect of early endogenous thermal acclimatization on performance of heat-stressed broilers (HSB) at finisher phase. Using a total of 288, one day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks, birds were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments (T1 – 21 % CP; T2 – 19 % CP; T3 – 17 % CP; and T4 – 15 % CP) at finisher phase with six replicate groups in a completely randomized design in order to evaluate the resultant effect of a 2 %, 4 % and 6 % reduction in dietary CP. Data were analysed using descriptive, ANOVA, regression and correlation statistics. Low crude protein diets improved performance of HSB at finisher phase. However, a 2 % dietary CP reduction (19 % CP) best enhanced performance of HSB at finisher phase. Some parameters that were supposed to strongly correlate were not as a result of the influence of early endogenous manipulation. Endogenous heat load reduction through dietary crude protein and electrolyte inter-play have resulted in a proportionate increase in feed intake, body weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and enhanced feed conversion ratio in HSB at finisher phase. The resultant effect of early endogenous thermal acclimatization on performance of heat-stressed broiler chickens at finisher phase has been beneficial.
The guarantee of a naturally stable thermal environment that will keep poultry birds within the zone of maximum comfort all year round in tropical and sub-tropical regions in the 21st century cannot be established. Therefore, it becomes necessary to look into stabilizing internal environment of vulnerable chicks, with the sole aim of re-exhibiting their masked potentials for fast growth and high yield. Crude protein (CP), though essential for growth and repair, dissipates more heat load than other nutrients during metabolism. Hence, it becomes imperative to investigate the effect of early endogenous thermal acclimatization on performance of heat-stressed broilers (HSB) at finisher phase. Using a total of 288, one day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks, birds were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments (T1 – 21 % CP; T2 – 19 % CP; T3 – 17 % CP; and T4 – 15 % CP) at finisher phase with six replicate groups in a completely randomized design in order to evaluate the resultant effect of a 2 %, 4 % and 6 % reduction in dietary CP. Data were analysed using descriptive, ANOVA, regression and correlation statistics. Low crude protein diets improved performance of HSB at finisher phase. However, a 2 % dietary CP reduction (19 % CP) best enhanced performance of HSB at finisher phase. Some parameters that were supposed to strongly correlate were not as a result of the influence of early endogenous manipulation. Endogenous heat load reduction through dietary crude protein and electrolyte inter-play have resulted in a proportionate increase in feed intake, body weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and enhanced feed conversion ratio in HSB at finisher phase. The resultant effect of early endogenous thermal acclimatization on performance of heat-stressed broiler chickens at finisher phase has been beneficial.
Number of views: 252 Download in PDF