1 December 25, 2025
Articles
1. Danjuma Yakubu, Iliyasu A. A Ibrahima, Hafizah S. Sulaiman
NGS-Based Nutrigenomic Biomarkers for Personalized Nutrition: А Review of the Current State of Research
Russian Journal of Biological Research. 2025. 12(1): 3-16.
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2. Iliyasu A. A Ibrahim, Hafizah S. Sulaiman, Aliyu BelloRussian Journal of Biological Research. 2025. 12(1): 3-16.
Abstract:
The integration of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology into the area of personalized nutrition provides a breakthrough approach to studying the intricate relationships between food, genetics, and health consequences. By allowing the discovery of nutrigenomic biomarkers, NGS has allowed the customization of dietary recommendations to fit with an individual’s genetic predispositions and metabolic capacity. This innovation promises to enhance the control of dietary responses, optimize nutrient metabolism, and decrease the risk factors linked with nutrition-related chronic illnesses such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular problems. This review offers a complete examination of the present status of NGS-based biomarker research in personalized nutrition. It investigates the methodology applied in sequencing technology, the finding of gene-diet relationships, and the applicability of such biomarkers in clinical and public health contexts. Particular focus is given to the significance of NGS in identifying genetic variations regulating macronutrient and micronutrient metabolism, gut microbiome composition, and epigenetic changes. Despite the great advances in applying NGS to nutrition research, many hurdles exist. These include the difficulty of data interpretation, the requirement for thorough clinical validation of discovered biomarkers, and the ethical concerns connected to genetic data privacy and fairness in access to customized nutrition services. Furthermore, the integration of multi-omics data, such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, into NGS investigations is critical for a comprehensive understanding of nutrigenomic interactions but remains neglected. Advancing the area of NGS-based customized nutrition will need multidisciplinary cooperation among geneticists, nutritionists, bioinformaticians, and physicians. Additionally, the development of novel approaches, such as machine learning algorithms for data analysis and rigorous clinical trials for biomarker validation, will be vital. As these issues are solved, NGS offers the promise to change nutrition research and enhance public health outcomes by providing extremely accurate and tailored dietary treatments.
The integration of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology into the area of personalized nutrition provides a breakthrough approach to studying the intricate relationships between food, genetics, and health consequences. By allowing the discovery of nutrigenomic biomarkers, NGS has allowed the customization of dietary recommendations to fit with an individual’s genetic predispositions and metabolic capacity. This innovation promises to enhance the control of dietary responses, optimize nutrient metabolism, and decrease the risk factors linked with nutrition-related chronic illnesses such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular problems. This review offers a complete examination of the present status of NGS-based biomarker research in personalized nutrition. It investigates the methodology applied in sequencing technology, the finding of gene-diet relationships, and the applicability of such biomarkers in clinical and public health contexts. Particular focus is given to the significance of NGS in identifying genetic variations regulating macronutrient and micronutrient metabolism, gut microbiome composition, and epigenetic changes. Despite the great advances in applying NGS to nutrition research, many hurdles exist. These include the difficulty of data interpretation, the requirement for thorough clinical validation of discovered biomarkers, and the ethical concerns connected to genetic data privacy and fairness in access to customized nutrition services. Furthermore, the integration of multi-omics data, such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, into NGS investigations is critical for a comprehensive understanding of nutrigenomic interactions but remains neglected. Advancing the area of NGS-based customized nutrition will need multidisciplinary cooperation among geneticists, nutritionists, bioinformaticians, and physicians. Additionally, the development of novel approaches, such as machine learning algorithms for data analysis and rigorous clinical trials for biomarker validation, will be vital. As these issues are solved, NGS offers the promise to change nutrition research and enhance public health outcomes by providing extremely accurate and tailored dietary treatments.
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Impact of Cassava Mill Wastewater on Soil Nutrient Dynamics and Microbial Communities
Russian Journal of Biological Research. 2025. 12(1): 17-21.
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3. Anvar M. MamadalievRussian Journal of Biological Research. 2025. 12(1): 17-21.
Abstract:
Cassava mill wastewater poses significant environmental risks due to its potential impact on soil nutrient dynamics and microbial communities. This study investigates the effects of cassava mill wastewater on soil nutrient levels, microbial populations, and potential toxicity and the impact of pollution on soil physicochemical and microbiological characteristics. Contaminated soil exhibited elevated levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese, copper, lead, and mercury, along with a lower pH (5) and higher organic matter content (2.75 %) compared to uncontaminated soil (pH 7, organic matter 1.36 %). Microbial diversity and abundance were reduced in contaminated soil, with a shift in community composition towards more tolerant species. Bacterial counts were highest in polluted soil (7.8 ± 0.19 x 10^5 cfu/g), while fungal counts were generally lower, with the highest counts in control soil (4.2 ± 0.57 x 10^5 cfu/g). Overall, pollution significantly altered both the chemical and biological properties of the soil. These changes can have far-reaching implications for microbial activity, plant growth, and ecosystem health.
Cassava mill wastewater poses significant environmental risks due to its potential impact on soil nutrient dynamics and microbial communities. This study investigates the effects of cassava mill wastewater on soil nutrient levels, microbial populations, and potential toxicity and the impact of pollution on soil physicochemical and microbiological characteristics. Contaminated soil exhibited elevated levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese, copper, lead, and mercury, along with a lower pH (5) and higher organic matter content (2.75 %) compared to uncontaminated soil (pH 7, organic matter 1.36 %). Microbial diversity and abundance were reduced in contaminated soil, with a shift in community composition towards more tolerant species. Bacterial counts were highest in polluted soil (7.8 ± 0.19 x 10^5 cfu/g), while fungal counts were generally lower, with the highest counts in control soil (4.2 ± 0.57 x 10^5 cfu/g). Overall, pollution significantly altered both the chemical and biological properties of the soil. These changes can have far-reaching implications for microbial activity, plant growth, and ecosystem health.
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Peter Frantsevich Lesgaft (1837–1909): Some Biographical Aspects of the Scientific and Pedagogical Activity of the Russian Physiologist and Teacher
Russian Journal of Biological Research. 2025. 12(1): 22-33.
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4. Pavel L. Alexandrov, Mikhail K. Filippov, Theodor K. OrekhovRussian Journal of Biological Research. 2025. 12(1): 22-33.
Abstract:
The manuscript is devoted to a brief description of the scientific achievements of Peter Frantsevich Lesgaft (1837–1909) in the field of medicine and physical education. The material was historical sources and biographical studies of the personality, as well as some of his works. The methodological complex of the research consists of methods of historiographical analysis, the historical-system method, methods of classification and synthesis. Peter Frantsevich Lesgaft became an iconic figure in the scientific approach to physical education and sports. Remaining true to his principles throughout his life, including political ones, he left a wide scientific legacy that has been relevant for almost a century and a half; some of his works are still being republished. He was one of the first to study the work of human joints and justified the need for physical exercise for their successful functioning. He was actively engaged in teaching himself, including creating high-quality medical educational institutions, and made a significant contribution to pedagogical science, primarily to the theory of family and physical education.
The manuscript is devoted to a brief description of the scientific achievements of Peter Frantsevich Lesgaft (1837–1909) in the field of medicine and physical education. The material was historical sources and biographical studies of the personality, as well as some of his works. The methodological complex of the research consists of methods of historiographical analysis, the historical-system method, methods of classification and synthesis. Peter Frantsevich Lesgaft became an iconic figure in the scientific approach to physical education and sports. Remaining true to his principles throughout his life, including political ones, he left a wide scientific legacy that has been relevant for almost a century and a half; some of his works are still being republished. He was one of the first to study the work of human joints and justified the need for physical exercise for their successful functioning. He was actively engaged in teaching himself, including creating high-quality medical educational institutions, and made a significant contribution to pedagogical science, primarily to the theory of family and physical education.
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Methodological Notes on the Possibility of Electron Microscopic Study of Fossil Elasmobranch Teeth in Ultra-Low-Budget Laboratories
Russian Journal of Biological Research. 2025. 12(1): 34-59.
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5. Russian Journal of Biological Research. 2025. 12(1): 34-59.
Abstract:
The paper examines the scientific and applied significance of fossil elasmobranch teeth as a key source of evidence for systematics, phylogenetics, and evolutionary morphology. The review section shows that elasmobranch teeth (modified placoid scales associated with cartilaginous jaws) are highly species-specific and are therefore widely used for taxonomic identification, including through diagnostic keys and standardized protocols for collection and description. It is emphasized that, alongside dermal denticles (which lie outside the scope of ichthyodontology), teeth provide morphometric indicators relevant not only to elasmobranch systematics but also to broader questions in evolutionary biology and vertebrate comparative anatomy. In the context of phylogenetic reconstructions, the special role of “paleoodontological” evidence is noted: from the classic works of the mid-20th century to modern digital studies, dental characters remain among the most informative “direct witnesses” of evolutionary transformations in sharks and their relatives. A current trend toward formalized processing of morphological data is discussed separately: to analyze patterns of morphogenesis and tooth variability in fossil and extant forms, multivariate statistical approaches are used – primarily PCA to reduce dimensionality and noise in complex character datasets, as well as discriminant analysis for taxonomic separation and for testing classification hypotheses. A major limitation of such reconstructions is identified as taphonomic damage and surface degradation of teeth, which reduce the accuracy of recognizing diagnostic characters and therefore require explicit consideration of taphonomy and stratigraphic context when interpreting morphology. The experimental section demonstrates that, for these purposes, it is possible to automate and re-digitize relatively old 1980s scanning electron microscopes with modest metrological performance and to obtain images comparable to those produced by modern compact electron microscopes at magnifications (useful magnification) from several thousand up to 5,000×, with an upper digitizable limit (due to mechanical instability and image blur) of up to 10,000×. A series of illustrative SEM micrographs of elasmobranch tooth microstructure is presented, with increasing magnification from 35× to 10,000×. For the lowest-magnification “electron macrophotography,” the possibilities of colorization/digital pseudo-color (pseudo-color mode) are shown, yielding coloration comparable to the specimen’s appearance under visual inspection and macrophotography. This approach is currently implemented using artificial intelligence/machine learning tools.
The paper examines the scientific and applied significance of fossil elasmobranch teeth as a key source of evidence for systematics, phylogenetics, and evolutionary morphology. The review section shows that elasmobranch teeth (modified placoid scales associated with cartilaginous jaws) are highly species-specific and are therefore widely used for taxonomic identification, including through diagnostic keys and standardized protocols for collection and description. It is emphasized that, alongside dermal denticles (which lie outside the scope of ichthyodontology), teeth provide morphometric indicators relevant not only to elasmobranch systematics but also to broader questions in evolutionary biology and vertebrate comparative anatomy. In the context of phylogenetic reconstructions, the special role of “paleoodontological” evidence is noted: from the classic works of the mid-20th century to modern digital studies, dental characters remain among the most informative “direct witnesses” of evolutionary transformations in sharks and their relatives. A current trend toward formalized processing of morphological data is discussed separately: to analyze patterns of morphogenesis and tooth variability in fossil and extant forms, multivariate statistical approaches are used – primarily PCA to reduce dimensionality and noise in complex character datasets, as well as discriminant analysis for taxonomic separation and for testing classification hypotheses. A major limitation of such reconstructions is identified as taphonomic damage and surface degradation of teeth, which reduce the accuracy of recognizing diagnostic characters and therefore require explicit consideration of taphonomy and stratigraphic context when interpreting morphology. The experimental section demonstrates that, for these purposes, it is possible to automate and re-digitize relatively old 1980s scanning electron microscopes with modest metrological performance and to obtain images comparable to those produced by modern compact electron microscopes at magnifications (useful magnification) from several thousand up to 5,000×, with an upper digitizable limit (due to mechanical instability and image blur) of up to 10,000×. A series of illustrative SEM micrographs of elasmobranch tooth microstructure is presented, with increasing magnification from 35× to 10,000×. For the lowest-magnification “electron macrophotography,” the possibilities of colorization/digital pseudo-color (pseudo-color mode) are shown, yielding coloration comparable to the specimen’s appearance under visual inspection and macrophotography. This approach is currently implemented using artificial intelligence/machine learning tools.
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